Grammatic de Mundolingue (1899)
Ist pagin contine un transcript del capitel Grammatic ex le libre Un lingue international pro le cultivat nations de tot mund, le ultim version del lingue, publicat in 1899 “pro le practic application durant le exposition universal in Paris 1900”.
Remarcs:
- Le original libre esse script in quin lingues: german, anglian, frances, italian et Mundolingue. Generalu, ist transcription contine solu le text in Mundolingue, ma qualque tabelles de vocabular include traductions in german et anglian.
- Evident errors (ortografic, print etc.) ha essit correct.
- Qualque parols ha essit adaptat a modern ortografie.
Content:
- Alfabet
- Articul
- Substantiv
- Adjectives
- Derivat adjectives
- Pronom(in)s
- Numerals
- Le verb
- Prepositions
- Adverbs
- Conjunctions
- Interjections
Alfabet
ling. univ.: | wie in: | as in: | |
---|---|---|---|
a | a Vater | ah star | |
b | b beben | b beef | |
d | d dort | d dig | |
e | e Elend | eh fell | |
f | f fünf | f fir | |
g | g gut | g girl | (sempre guttural) |
h | h Hass | h hand | |
i | i willig | i lip | |
j | j Jagd | y yes | (nequand sibilant) |
l | l leben | l land | |
m | m Muhme | m mad | |
n | n nein | n not | |
o | o Wolle | o note | |
p | p Panzer | p puff | |
q(u) | = ku-, cu-, qualitá = cu-alitá | ||
r | r Rom | r ram | |
s | s Sünde | s say | |
t | t Takt | t tip | |
u | u muss | u rude, pull | |
v | w was | v veil | |
x | x Axt | x fix | |
z = s | pronunciation (qua) = s |
- c ante a, o, u guttural; catolic;
- c ante e, i = ts sibilant;
- -tie, -tion = tsion, nation = nat-sion, portsion;
- th = th (-tia), apathie;
- ch = k (ca, co, cu), (nequand sibilant): chronic;
- au = a-u; ai = a-i; -ie = í-e: auditor = a-uditor; alchimie = alchimí-e.
Omni litter pronunciaré clar et neun litter esse mut.
In general le vocabuls conserva lostri primitiv accent et ortografie (latin). Pos elimination del inaccentuat terminations (-er pónder, -in fúlmin, -il amábil, -or ámor, -ul fórmul) le accent esse su le ultim sillab o su le vocal ante le ultim consonant: cristál, amár, língue, lítter, páter.
Nasal sons ne existe: sig-ne.
Articul
- definit: le;
- indefinit: un.
Substantiv
Rom | |
de Rom | |
a Rom | |
Rom | |
le pater | le paters |
del pater | del paters |
al pater | al paters |
le pater | le paters |
le mater | |
del mater | |
al mater | |
le mater | |
un libre | |
de un libre | |
a un libre | |
un libre |
Solu le natural gener esse distinct: le lun, le sol, le firmament. On cognosce le gener per (ex) le signification del vocabul (páter, máter) et le termination -o, -a (-esse, ice) esse usat solu tand, quand el esse necessar: columb, columbo, columba; caval, cavalo, cavala; le artist, le artista, le contesse (conta). In general le substantive se termina con un consonant, ma quand le eufonie el exige, tand esse annex un -e: sígne. Le signe del plural esse -s: le pater, le paters.
Le diminutiv sillab esse -ette (ul): flor, florette, rose, rosette.
Adjectives
Le primitiv(i) adjectives ha le termination -i, ma solu quand le eufonie el postula: rapid, brevi, brutal, brun, brunetti et per -itá se forma le substantive: rapiditá, brevitá, brutalitá.
Derivat adjectives
- -bil = amar, amábil; amabilitá; incurabil; incurabilitá.
- -al; -al: form, formal; formalitá.
- -os; por, poros; porositá.
Le adjective se place immediat ante le substantive et resta invariabil: le amabil amica.
Comparation: bon; plus bon; max bon; belli; plus belli; max (le plus) belli.
Le absolut superlative: -issimi: carissimi amico!
- Le terre esse plus grand qua le lun, ma le sol esse max grand (le plus grand).
- Mei camer esse ta long qua larg.
- Quant capits, tant opinions.
- Qual pater, tal filio.
- Elo esse plus diligent qua ela.
- Africa esse minu populat qua Asia.
Pronom(in)s
mi | noi |
de me | de nos |
a me | a nos |
me | nos |
mei | nostri (-o, -a) |
tu | voi |
de te | de vos |
a te | a vos |
te | vos |
tei | vostri (-o, -a) |
ele | eles |
de le | de les |
a le | a les |
le | les |
sei | lostri |
ele usaré solu pro res: ist dom esse grand, ele ha 20 fenestres.
elo | (reflex) | elos | (reflex) |
de lo | (de se) | de los | (de se) |
a lo | (a se) | a los | (a se) |
lo | (se) | los | (se) |
(transit.) sei | lostri | ||
ela | (reflex) | elas | (reflex) |
de la | (de se) | de las | (de se) |
a la | (a se) | a las | (a se) |
la | (se) | las | (se) |
(transit.) sei | lostri | (lastri?) | |
on | (reflex) | ||
de on | (de se) | ||
a on | (a se) | ||
on | (se) |
Vo, plur. Vos
form del civilitá: Vo, Vostri o Tu, Tei.
Le pronom(in) impersonal esse el: el pluvia. Gela el?
- le meo;
- le nostro;
- le sua (fem.);
- le vostros (pl.).
ist (-o, -a) | dies, dieser, diese | this |
il (-o, -a) | jenes, jener, jene | that |
ips, id | selbst | self |
le ipso, le ido | derselbe | the same |
qui? (interr. et relat.) | wer? | who? |
que? (interr. et relat.) | was? | what? |
quelo (-a)? | welcher? | which? |
lo, telo (la, tela) | der, derjenige | he, that |
qual? | was für ein? | what a? |
tal | solch, derartig | such |
de qui? | wessen? | whose? |
de ist | dessen | whose |
aiqui | wer immer | whoever |
alun | irgendein | any |
alqui | irgendwer; jemand | any body |
altri (-o -a) | anderer | other |
uno (-a) | einer | one |
uno de duos | einer von beiden | either |
un certo | ein gewisser | a certain |
omno | jeder, jedermann | each |
duos, ambo | beide | both |
ne, neun | kein | no, not any |
neuno, nullo | keiner | none |
neuno de duos | keiner von beiden | neither |
nemo | niemand | nobody |
qualque | manches | many a, some |
aique, alque | was immer, irgendwas, etwas | somewhat |
nihil, nes, nequant | nichts | nothing |
aiquel | welch immer | whatever |
alquel | irgendwelch | some |
id isto | eben dieser | this same |
id ilo | eben jener | that same |
unes, alunes | einige, etliche | some, any |
plusiors, plus | mehrere | some |
divers | verschiedene | several |
pauci, min | wenige | few, a few |
mult | viele | many |
tots | alle | all |
Le pronom sta ante le numeral et adjective et esse declinat qua le substantive: mei mult bon amicos.
Numerals
Cardinal numers (cardinals)
1 | un | (forms pro le derivation) |
2 | du | (vi, bi) |
3 | tri | (ter) |
4 | quar | (quadra) |
5 | quin | (quinqua) |
6 | sex | (se, sexa) |
7 | sept | (septua) |
8 | oct | (octo) |
9 | nove | (nona) |
10 | dece | |
11 | deceun, dece et un | |
12 | decedu, dece et du | |
19 | decenove | |
20 | vige | |
21 | vigeun, vige et un | |
30 | trige | |
40 | quadrage | |
50 | quinquage | |
60 | sexage | |
70 | septuage | |
80 | octoge | |
90 | nonage | |
91 | nonageun | |
100 | cente | |
200 | ducente | |
1000 | mille | |
1.000.000 | million |
Ordinal numerals (ordinals)
1. | prim (-o, -a) |
2. | secund |
3. | tercie |
4. | quart |
5. | quint |
6. | sext |
7. | septim |
8. | octave |
9. | non |
10. | decime |
11. | decimeprim, deceprim |
20. | vigesime |
22. | vigesime second, vigesecond |
30. | trigesime |
40. | quadragesime |
50. | quinquagesime |
60. | sexagesime |
70. | septuagesime |
80. | octogesime |
90. | nonagesime |
100. | centesime |
1000. | millesime |
ultime | |
penultime | |
antepenultime |
Adverbial numerals -u
- primu
- secundu
- terciu
- quintu
Multiplicativ numerals
- simpl
- dupl
- tripl
- quadrupl
- quintupl
- octupl
- nonupl
- decupl
- vigupl
- trigupl
- septuagupl
- octogupl
- centupl
- millupl
-ificar; -icar forma le verb:
- simplificar
- quadruplicar
- triplicar
Iterativ numerals
- unien
- biien
- trien
- quadrien
- quinquien
- sexien
- septien
- octien
- novien
- decien
- deceseptien
- vigien
- trigien
- quadragien
- quinquagien
- sexagien
- centien
- millien
- unienal
- biienal
Partitiv numerals
- le dimidie
- un et dimi
- un tercie
- un quart
- un quint
Special numerals
se forma con „divers“ o „different“: tri divers (different) vins; du divers arms.
- equal
- a du a du
- uno de nos
- noi esse quin
- de oct a nove annes
- qual hor esse?
- el esse un hor
- el esse quin hors
- el esse quin hors et un quart
- el esse quin hors et dimi
- el esse quin hors et tri quarts
- el esseve du hors posmeridiu
Indefinit numerals
- tot
- omnes, toquant
- satti, sufficient
- alque, alquant, un pauci etc.
Vide le indefinit pronom(in)s.
- soldi(e)
- lundi
- mardi
- mercurdi
- jovedi
- venerdi
- saturndi
Januar, Februar, Mars, April, Mai, Juni, Juli, August, September, October, November, December
- mens(ú), mestre
- mensual, mestral
- seman
- semanal
- trimestre
- semestral
Pari, 1900, a (le) 1. April.
Le verb
Presence
- har
- mi ha
- tu ha
- elo ha
- noi ha
- voi ha
- elos ha
Imperfect
- mi have
- tu have
- noi have
Perfect
- mi ha hat
- elo ha hat
- voi ha hat
Plusquamperfect
- mi have hat
- elos have hat
- elo have hat
Futur
- mi haré
- noi haré
Exact futur
- mi haré hat
- tu haré hat
Imperativ
- ha tu
- ha voi
I. Conditional
- mi haréi
- tu haréi
- elo haréi
II. Conditional
- mi haréi hat
- tu haréi hat
- elo haréi hat
Particips
- hant
- hat
- Ger. hand
Esser
Pr. | mi esse, elo esse |
Imp. | mi esseve |
Pft. | mi ha essit |
P.q.p. | mi have essit |
F. I. | mi esseré |
F. II. | mi haré essit |
Imp. | esse tu |
Cond. I. | esserei |
Cond. II. | mi harei essit |
P. a. | essent |
P. p. | essit |
Le presence et le particips representa le base pro le derivations.
pres. forma | Inf. -r; formar. |
Adj. -bil; formabil. | |
p. a. -nt; formant. | |
p. p. -t; format. | |
p. p. format | subst. -ion; formation. |
adj. -iv; formativ. | |
pers. act. -or; formator. | |
pres. vende | inf. -r; vender. |
adj. -ibil; vend-ibil. | |
p. a. -nt; vendent. | |
p. p. -it; vend-it. | |
p. p. vendit | subst. -ion; vendition, vendite. |
pers. a. -or; venditor. | |
pres. audi | inf. -r; audir. |
adjct. -bil; audibil. | |
p. a. -ent; audient. | |
subst. -ence; audience. | |
p. p. -t; audit. | |
p. p. audit | subst. -ion; audition. |
pers. act. -or; auditor. |
pres. | -e (er), -i (ir); part. act. -nt, -ent; scriber, scribent; venir, venient. |
p. p. | -t (le e se commuta in i): creder, credit; punir, punit. |
Le supin esse usat qua le pass. particip et esse notat in vocabular; scriber, p. p. script; pers. act. -or, scriptor; subst. -ion, -ur, scriptur.
Active
inf.: | amar |
pres.: | mi áma |
tu áma | |
noi áma | |
impft.: | mi amave |
voi amave | |
perft.: | mi ha amat |
voi ha amat | |
p. q. perf.: | mi have amat |
tu have amat | |
fut. I. | mi amaré |
elo amaré | |
fut. II. | mi haré amat |
tu haré amat | |
imp. | ama tu! |
cond. I.: | mi amaréi |
tu amaréi | |
cond. II.: | mi haréi amat |
tu haréi amat | |
p. a. | amant |
p. p. | amat |
- far
- dir
- imperfect: fave; dive; p. a. fant; dient; p. p. fat; dit.
Passive
Le passive se forma con le auxiliar verb „esser“ et con le passiv particip.
- mi esse amat
- tu esse amat
- mi ha essit amat
Le infinitive sta pos verbs sin particul: mi vole cantar o con le particul ad: on esca ad viver.
Prepositions
Le prepositions et adverbs exige sempre le accusative, ma, si eles esse derivat de vocabuls de un altri classe, on dona a les le termination -u: ser, seru; noct, noctu; caval, cavalu.
- a, local (a quo? wohin? where?) = nach, zu, in; of, a. in:
- mi pensa a te
- mi crede a Dio
- a dom, domu
- andar a citá
- aspirar a glorie
- temporal = zu, um, bei; at, in, of:
- a temp(or) de Luther
- a meridi
- a quin hors
- a mei return
- har a man
- a le Voltaire
- ad (infinitive) = zu, um zu; to, for:
- noi vive ad morir
- local: an, bei; by, at:
- elo sta ad mur
- along, longu; längs; along
- ante, local et temporal; vor, eher als, in Gegenwart; before, in presence of:
- ante me
- circa; ungefähr, um, etwa, beiläufig; about, perhaps, nearly
- circum; um, herum; about
- -navigar
- le terre se turna circum le sol
- con (co); mit, vermittelst, nebst, samt; with
- contra; gegen, wider, entgegen; against, towards
- cis, citra; diesseits; on this side
- trans; jenseits, über; beyond
- de, local (de quo? woher? whence?) = von, aus; of, out of, from:
- le Rhin veni de le Alpes
- elo esse nativ de Vienna
- un pont de ferre
- un homo de genie
- de qui?
- le dom del pater
- de quand?
- de; von, seit; since:
- de hodi
- un puer de tri annes
- un grand quantitá de res
- durant; während, binnen; during
- ex; aus, von; from, by:
- ex am(or) pro te
- extra; außer, außerhalb; out of
- exceptu; außer, ausgenommen; except
- in, general preposition (quo? wo? where?) = in, an; in, into:
- in dom
- in cel
- in regard
- in loc de
- in virtue
- infra; unten, unterhalb; below, under
- intra; innerhalb; within
- inter; unter, zwischen, binnen, während; between, betwixt, during, within
- juxt; neben, nebenbei; near, next to
- malgre; trotz, ungeachtet, wider Willen; in spite of, maugre
- mediu, mediant, per, per medie de; mittelst, vermittelst; by means of
- ob; wegen, um - willen, halben; on account of, because of
- obvie; entgegen; against, towards
- opposit; entgegen, gegenüber; opposite
- per; durch, hindurch, mittelst, vermöge, kraft, zu, an; through, by, by means of, at, by
- per mar
- per me
- per color
- per post
- per Dio
- per se
- pos; local et temporal; nach, hinter; after, behind
- pre; vor, vorher; before
- pro; für, um, statt, anstatt; for, instead
- pro nu
- prox; nahe, bei, an; by, near, at
- proxim; nächst, unmittelbar, unfern; next, near
- retro; zurück, rückwärts; back
- sin; ohne, sonder; without
- su; auf; on, at, upon
- secun; gemäß, zufolge, nach; according
- sub; unter; under, beneath
- sub le condition
- sub Hannibal
- sub le numer
- supra; ober, oberhalb; on the upperside
- super; über, mehr als, darüber; upon, more than, over
- us, usque; bis; till, until
- us ad; bis an, bis zu; until to
- ultra; über, weiter; over
- vers; gegen, gegenhin; against, towards
- vis-a-vis, contra; gegenüber; over against
- ne long, inlong, ne procul; unfern, unweit; not far
Adverbs
quo | wo? | where? |
to | dort | there |
a quo? | wohin? | whither? |
a to | dortin | thither |
de quo? | woher? | whence? |
de to | von dort, dorther | thence |
alquo | irgendwo, irgend | somewhere |
aiquo | wo immer | wherever |
toquo, ubiqui | überall, allenthalben | everywhere |
nequo | nirgends | nowhere |
is | hier, da | here, there |
de is | von hier, von da | hence |
a is | hierher | hither |
de altriquo | anderswoher | from elsewhere |
a altriquo | anderswohin | elsewhither |
su | auf | up |
a su | aufwärts | upwards |
supra | oben, droben | overhead |
a supra, suprors | hinauf | upwards |
infra | unten | underneath |
a infra, infrors | nach unten, herab | down, downwards |
intra | innen, innerhalb | within, withinside |
a intra, intrors | nach innen, hinein | in, into |
extra | außen, außerhalb | on the outside, outwardly |
a extra, extrors | nach außen, heraus, auswärts | out |
prea | vorn | before |
a prea, preors | nach vorn, vorwärts | forward |
retra | hinten | behind |
a retra, retrors | nach hinten | backwards, behind |
dextra | rechts | to the right (hand) |
a dextra, dextrors | nach rechts | to the right |
sinistra | links | to the left |
a sinistra, sinistrors | nach links | to the left |
a latra, latrors | bei Seite, seitwärts | aside |
de extra | von außen | from outwards, from outside |
long, procul | fern, weit | far |
ab, via | fort, weg, ab | away, off |
un(o) juxta (prox) le altr(o) | nebeneinander | abreast |
de tot parts, tolatru | allerseits, allerwärts | on every side |
quand? | wann? wenn | when? |
tand | dann | then |
tand et quand, de temp(or) a temp(or) | dann und wann | now and then |
aiquand, jam | wann immer, je, jemals | ever |
alquand, unien | irgendeinmal, einmal, einst | once |
nequand, neien | nie, niemals, nimmer | never |
toquand, sempre, ai | immer, jederzeit, stets | always |
de quand? | seit wann? | since when? |
de tand | seitdem, seither | since |
nu | nun, jetzt | now |
a quand? | bis wann? | till when? |
a tand | bis dann, bis dahin | thitherto |
a nu | bis jetzt, bisher | till now |
seru, in ser | abends | in the evening |
denu, de novi | abermals, wiederum | again |
omnien | jedes Mal, allemal | always |
olim | einst, ehemals, vormals, sonst, früher | before time |
altrien | andermal | another time |
matur | früh, zeitig | early |
maturior | früher | earlier |
altricasu | andernfalls, sonst | otherwise |
anterior | früher, eher, vorher, zuvor | before |
posterior | später, nachher | afterwards |
tard | spät | late |
futuru, in futur | künftig, fernerhin, dereinst | in future |
proximu | nächstens | at the next opportunity |
ja | schon, bald | already, soon, by and by |
antebrevi, nelong | vor Kurzem, unlängst, jüngst | not long ago |
ultimu | letztens, neulich, letzthin | lately, late |
ancor | noch | till yet |
ne ancor | noch nicht | not yet |
ancorien, denu | nochmal | once more |
in inicie, iniciu | anfangs | at first |
hodi | heute | today |
hodi a (pos) oct dies | heute über acht Tage | from this day a week |
in dies de hodi, in nostri dies | heutzutage | nowadays |
hestern | gestern | yesterday |
hestern ser | gestern Abend | yesternight, last night |
hestern ante oct dies | gestern vor acht Tagen | yesterday a week |
doman | morgen | tomorrow |
doman matin | morgen früh | tomorrow morning |
matinu, in matin | morgens | in the morning |
antehestern | vorgestern | the day before yesterday |
posdoman | übermorgen | after tomorrow |
in noct, noctu | nachts | in the night |
continu, perpetu | beständig, fortwährend | everlastingly |
long | lang, lange Zeit | long, long time |
merediu, medidiu | mittags | at midday |
medinoct | Mitternacht | midnight |
antemeridiu | vormittags | in the forenoon |
posmeridi | Nachmittag | afternoon |
omnidie, quotidian, diurn | alle Tage, täglich | daily |
occasional | gelegentlich, bei Gelegenheit | occasional |
plusien, multien | viel-, mehrmals | several times |
simultan, simul, contemporar, con | gleichzeitig, zugleich, zusammen | at the same time, together |
momentan, in instant | augenblicklich | instantaneously |
subit | plötzlich, schnell | subitaneous |
rapid | rasch, reißend, schnell | rapid |
temporar | zeitweilig, einstweilig | temporary |
just | gerade, eben, soeben | just, now |
omnicasu, tocasu | allenfalls | at all adventure, in every case |
pauci a pauci, successivi | nach und nach | by degrees, by little and little |
taja, citu | alsbald, sofort, sogleich | immediately |
diu, in die | bei Tage | in the daytime |
de novi, denu, novu | wieder, abermals | again; |
qualquien | manchmal, zuweilen, bisweilen | sometimes |
finu | endlich, schließlich, zuletzt | at last |
saep | oft | often |
saepien, frequent | oftmals | often, oftentimes |
rar | selten | seldom |
taja qua possibil | sobald als möglich | as soon as possible |
eternu | auf ewig, auf immer | forever |
a bon hor, a temp, rectitemporar | bei Zeiten, rechtzeitig | betimes, in right time |
alor (alhor) | damals, dazumal | then |
de hodi | seit heute | since today |
a hodi | bis heute | until today |
interim | einstweilen, mittlerweile, inzwischen, unterdessen | in the meantime |
de novi | aufs Neue | anew |
usnu | bisher, bis jetzt | hitherto |
just nu | eben jetzt | just now |
pro alun temp(or) | eine Zeit lang | for some time |
pro un anne | ein Jahr lang | for a year |
in presence, nu | gegenwärtig | presently |
pos | nach, nachher, hernach | after |
de nu, de ist temp(or) | von jetzt an | henceforth |
de die a die | von Tag zu Tag | from day to day |
de long, procul | von Weitem | from afar |
passat | vorbei, vorüber | passing |
pro le moment | vor der Hand | at present |
ulterior, longior | ferner, weiter | further |
finu, postrem | zuletzt | at last |
importun, a maltemp(or) | zur Unzeit | unseasonably |
a sei temp(or) | zu seiner Zeit | seasonably |
qua? | wie? | how? |
ta | so | so |
qual? | was für ein? | what a? |
tal | solcher | such |
ita | ebenso | even thus |
item | desgleichen, ferner | likewise |
tre | sehr, gar | very |
mult | viel, sehr | much |
pauci | wenig, gering | little |
minus | weniger | less |
minim(u) | wenigsten | at least |
minor | geringer, kleiner | smaller |
plus | mehr | more |
extrem(u) | äußerst, höchst | extremely, most |
penu | kaum, mit Mühe, höchstens | scarcely, at the most |
total | ganz, gänzlich | quite, entirely |
ipsu | sogar | even |
sufficient, sati | genug | sufficiently |
trop | zu, allzu | too much |
un pauci, ne mult | ein wenig, etwas | a little |
passabil, mediocri | ziemlich | tolerably |
quasi | beinahe, fast | almost |
circa | beiläufig, ungefähr, etwa | nearly |
solu | allein, bloß | alone |
sin dubie | ohne Zweifel, allerdings | indeed |
absolut | unbedingt, durchaus | entirely |
necasu | keinesfalls, keineswegs | by no means |
in neun mod | in keiner Weise, durchaus nicht | by no means |
jes | ja | yes |
ne | nein, nicht | no, not |
jesdo | ja dich, ja wohl | certainly, to be sure |
nedo | nicht doch, nicht aber | not |
neien | nicht einmal | not even |
nihil, nulli | nichts | nothing |
in veritá | wahrlich | verily |
veru | fürwahr, wahrhaftig, zwar | truly |
cert | gewiss | certainly |
bene | wohl, gut | well |
volunt | gern | gladly, willingly |
ne volunt | ungern | unwillingly |
in fact, effectiv | wirklich, tatsächlich | in fact |
forsan | vielleicht | perhaps |
insuper | überdies, außerdem, zudem, noch obendrein | besides, too |
altru | anders | else |
altripartu | anderteils, andererseits | on the other hand, otherwise |
eti | auch | also |
in alun mod | auf irgendeine Weise | ever |
a le aventur, temeru | aufs Geratewohl | at random |
a burl, burlu, jocu | aus Scherz | in jest, in fun |
particular(u) | besonders, insbesonders | particularly |
ja | schon, bereits | already |
talu | dergestalt, dermaßen, solcherart | in such a manner |
item | auch, desgleichen, ebenfalls, gleichfalls | likewise |
ergo | daher, deshalb, deswegen | for this reason |
penit, de part a part | durch und durch | thoroughly |
in hast | eilig | in haste |
in tot hast | eiligst | very hastily |
singulu, singulatim, un ad un | einzeln | singly |
confus, permixt | durcheinander | confusedly |
per alun temp(or) | eine Zeit lang | for some time |
un die pos altri | einen Tag um den andern | every other day |
seriu, serios | im Ernst, ernstlich | earnestly |
in sequent mod | folgendermaßen | as follows |
scient, express(u) | geflissentlich, absichtlich, mit Fleiß | on purpose |
directu | geradehin, -zu, geradewegs | directly |
promt | geschwind, hurtig, flink | promptly |
pluspartu | größtenteils, meist | for the greatest part |
in masse, massu | haufenweise | in heaps |
principal(u) | hauptsächlich | chiefly |
in secret, secretu, arcan | heimlich, geheim | secretly |
contru | hingegen, dagegen, hinwiederum | on the contrary |
in fund, fundu | im Grunde | in truth |
in contrarie | im Gegenteil | on the contrary |
aimelior | immer besser | better and better |
continu | immer fort, immer hin | continually |
aiplus | immer mehr | more and more |
aimalior | immer schlechter | worse and worse |
in passant | im Vorbeigehen | by the way |
in breve | in Kurzem, kurz | in short |
generalu | insgemein | generally |
quant ante (prior) tant melior | je eher je lieber | the sooner the better |
in (con) un parol | kurz und gut, kurzum | in one word, well |
pauci pos | kurz darauf | a short time after |
pauci ante | kurz vorher | a short time since |
lent | langsam | slowly |
ja long, de (ex) long temp(or) | längst | long ago |
tardissimi | längstens, spätestens | at the longest |
clar, con alt voce | laut | loudly |
pur | lauter | only |
len | leise | softly |
optatu | nach Wunsch | wishedly |
difficilu, penu | schwerlich | hardly |
ta (tant) saep | so oft | so often |
partu | teils | partly |
excessiv(u), immoderat | über die Maßen | exceedingly |
in general, generalu | überhaupt | in general |
superficialu | überhin | over |
prior o tard | über kurz oder lang | soon or late |
con emulation, emulant | um die Wette | with emulation |
pervers | verkehrt, umgekehrt | perversedly |
in van, vanu | umsonst, vergebens | in vain |
gratis, gratuit | umsonst, unentgeltlich | without pay |
infinitu | unendlich | infinitely |
infallibil, sin falle | unfehlbar | infallibly |
subman | unter der Hand | secretly |
inter vie | unterwegs | on the way |
insperat, inopinat | unversehens, unverhofft, unvermutet | unexpectedly |
probabil, opinabil | vermutlich | probably |
furtiv | verstohlen | by stealth |
mult plus, plustost | vielmehr | rather |
antetot | vor allem, zuvörderst | before all |
principal(u) | vornehmlich | chiefly |
reciproc | wechselweise | alternately |
fortuit, accidental | zufällig | by chance |
pedu | zu Fuß | on foot |
per exemple | zum Beispiel | for instance |
visibil | zusehends | visibly |
quar? | warum? weshalb? | why? |
tar | darum, deshalb, deswegen | for that |
quopro? | wofür? wozu? | wherefore? |
topro? | dafür, dazu | therefore |
quant? | wie viel? | how much? |
tant | so viel, so sehr | so much |
unes, alunes | einige, etliche | some, any |
nequant, nes | nichts | nothing |
tot, omni | alle | all |
solu | nur, allein, bloß | alone |
Le adverb derivat de le adjective ne ha un particular termination et seque immediat pos le verb: mei bon amico parla et scribe correct le difficult lingue.
Conjunctions
ma | aber, allein | but |
qua | als, wie (comparat.) | when, as |
quasi | als wenn, als ob, wie wenn, gleichsam | as if, like as if |
ergo | also, folglich, daher | consequently, therefore |
ut | auf dass, damit | that |
eti | auch | also |
qe, che | dass | that |
except si (qe) | außer wenn, außer dass, ausgenommen | except |
con tot ist | bei alledem | with that all |
ante qua | bevor als, ehe, eher dass | before |
us, usqe | bis, bis dass | till, until, as far as |
ja - ja | bald - bald | sometimes - sometimes |
quia | weil, da | because |
tand | dann | then |
incontra | dagegen, hingegen | whereas |
id esse | das ist, heißt, nämlich | viz |
et | und | and |
et - et | sowohl - als auch | as well - as |
o | oder | or |
o - o | entweder - oder | either - or |
si | wenn, wann, ob | when, if |
etsi | und wenn, wenn auch, selbst wenn | although |
do, edo | doch, dennoch, gleichwohl | yet |
tant | desto | the |
quant - tant | je - desto | the - the |
equi qua, ita qua | ebenso wie | like as |
in cas, casu | falls | in case |
ulterior | ferner, weiter | farther |
ta qua | so wie, gleich wie | just as |
pos | hernach, hierauf | then |
dum | indem | while |
interim | indes, inzwischen | however |
quatenu | inwiefern, inwieweit | as far as |
tatenu | insofern, insoweit | in as far as |
secun qe | je nachdem | according as |
pos qua | nachdem als | after |
ne solu - ma eti | nicht nur - sondern auch | not only - but also |
ancor | noch | yet |
etsi | obgleich, obschon | though |
ta ja qua | sobald als | as soon as |
si ne | sonst | if not |
eti, ips | sogar, selbst | even |
ta long | solange | as long as |
ta qua | sowie | as |
partu - partu | teils - teils | partly - partly |
tant plus, - si | umso mehr, - wenn | the more so - if |
ceteru, restu | übrigens | as for the rest |
ne obstant qe | ungeachtet dass | although |
mult plus | vielmehr | much more |
supposit qe | vorausgesetzt dass | supposing that |
ni - ni | weder - noch | neither - nor |
si do | wenn nur, wenn doch | provided |
qua eti | wie auch | as also |
in cas qe | wofern | in case |
quidem (bene) | zwar | it is true that |
Interjections
ah! | ach! | alas! ah! ay! |
ai! | ei! | ay! |
adio! | lebewohl! | fare well! |
au! | au! au weh! | whoo! |
bellissimi! | allerliebst! | very fine! |
fi! | pfui! | fie! |
foc! | Feuer! | fire! |
bah! | beileibe nicht! | not on your life! |
ah! | ha! | ah! |
eh! | he! | eh! |
hola! | heda! | holla! |
Deo gratie! gratie al Deo! | Gott sei Dank! | God be thanked! |
oh! | oh! | oh! |
perdio! | bei Gott! | by God! |
retro! cede! | zurück! | back! |
sucurs! | zu Hilfe! | help! help! |
su! | auf! | up! |
halt! | halt! | halt! |
silence! | still! | silence! |
vae me! | weh mir! | woe me! |
via! ab! | weg! fort! | away! |
oh dio! | ach Gott! | o heavens! |